you dont get one without the other...

Ralph Linton

Pity about Ralph.

"

Work

The Study of Man established Linton as one of anthropology's premier theorists, particularly amongst sociologists who worked outside of the Boasian mainstream. In this work he developed the concepts of status and role for describing the patterns of behavior in society. According to Linton, ascribed status is assigned to an individual without reference to their innate differences or abilities. Whereas Achieved status is determined by an individual's performance or effort. Linton noted that while the definitions of the two concepts are clear and distinct, it is not always easy to identify whether an individual's status is ascribed or achieved. His perspective offers a deviation from the view that ascribed statuses are always fixed. For Linton a role is the set of behaviors associated with a status, and performing the role by doing the associated behaviors is the way in which a status is inhabited.
Throughout this early period Linton became interested in the problem of acculturation, working with Robert Redfield and Melville Herskovits on a prestigious Social Science Research Council subcommittee of the Committee on Personality and Culture. The result was a seminal jointly-authored piece entitled Memorandum for the Study of Acculturation (1936). Linton also obtained money from the Works Progress Administration for students to produce work which studied acculturation. The volume Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes is an example of the work in this period, and Linton's contributions to the volume remain his most influential writings on acculturation. Linton's interest in culture and personality also expressed itself in the form of a seminar he organized with Abram Kardiner at the New York Psychoanalytic Institute."

have just finished re reading his premier work 'the study of man' where he outlines the basic mechanics of culture in a readable and easily assimilated way.
There is no room for individual interpretation.
Linton had been a warrior and a no-nonsense type of guy but he did not like "communists"  and apparently he informed against some of them in the mccarthy era which is sad and tarnishes his otherwise stellar reputation.
no wonder my professor of antthropolgy tried to discourage me from reading him without telling me why which is just as big a crime in my book because by ignoring Lintons work he and others  left the door open for the obscurantists [french] and the show and tell dweebs.
very sad!